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Matt. XIII. 53.
"And it came to pass, that, when Jesus had finished these
parables, He departed thence."
Wherefore said He, "these"? Because He was to speak others
besides. And wherefore, again, doth He depart? Desiring to sow
the word everywhere.
"And when He was come into His own country, He taught them in
their synagogue."
And what doth he now call His country? As it seems to me,
Nazareth. "For He did not many mighty works there,"it is said,
but in Capernaum He did miracles: wherefore He said also, "And
thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto Heaven, shalt be brought
down to hell; for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee,
had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day."
But having come there, while He slackens somewhat in His miracles;
so as not to inflame them unto more envy, nor to condemn them more
grievously, by the aggravation of their unbelief: He yet puts forth a
doctrine, having no less of wonder in it than the miracles. For these
utterly senseless men, when they ought to have marvelled, and to have
been amazed at the power of His words, they on the contrary hold Him
cheap, because of him who seemed to be His father; yet we know they
had many examples of these things in the former times, and from fathers
of no note had seen illustrious children. For so David was the son of
a certain mean husbandman, Jesse; and Amos, the child of a
goatherd, and himself a goatherd; and Moses too, the lawgiver, had
a father very inferior to himself. When they therefore, for this
especially, ought to adore and be amazed, that being of such parents
He spake such things, it being quite manifest, that so it was not of
man's care, but of God's grace: yet they, what things they should
admire Him for, for those they despise Him.
He is moreover continually frequenting the synagogues, lest if He
were always abiding in the wilderness, they should the more accuse Him
as making a schism, and fighting against their polity. Being amazed
therefore, and in perplexity, they said, "Whence hath this man this
wisdom, and these powers?"either calling the miracles powers, or
even the wisdom itself. "Is not this the carpenter's son?"The
greater then the marvel, and the more abundant the ground of amaze.
"Is not His mother called Mary, and His brethren James, and
Joses,and Simon, and Judas? and His sisters, are they not all
with us? Whence hath this man these things? And they were offended
in Him."
Seest thou that Nazareth was where He was discoursing? "Are not
his brethren," it is said, "such a one, and such a one?" And
what of this? Why, by this especially you ought to have been led on
to faith. But envy you see is a poor base thing, and often falls foul
of itself. For what things were strange and marvellous, and enough to
have gained them over, these offended them.
What then saith Christ unto them? "A prophet," saith He, "is
not without honor, save in his own country, and in his own house: and
He did not," it is said, "many mighty works, because of their
unbelief."But Luke saith, "And He did not there many
miracles."And yet it was to be expected He should have done them.
For if the feeling of wonder towards Him was gaining ground (for
indeed even there He was marvelled at), wherefore did He not do
them? Because He looked not to the display of Himself, but to their
profit. Therefore when this succeeded not, He overlooked what
concerned Himself, in order not to aggravate their punishment.
And yet see after how long a time He came to them, and after how
great a display of miracles: but not even so did they endure it, but
were inflamed again with envy.
Wherefore then did He yet do a few miracles? That they might not
say, "Physician, heal thyself."That they might not say, "He is
a foe and an enemy to us, and overlooks His own;" that they might
not say, "If miracles had been wrought, we also should have
believed." Therefore He both wrought them, and stayed: the one,
that He might fulfill His own part; the other, that He might not
condemn them the more.
And consider thou the power of His words, herein at least, that
possessed as they were by envy, they did yet admire. And as with
regard to His works, they do not find fault with what is done, but
feign causes which have no existence, slaying, "In Beelzebub He
casteth out the devils;" even so here too, they find no fault with
the teaching, but take refuge in the meanness of His race.
But mark thou, I pray thee, the Master's gentleness, how He
reviles them not, but with great mildness saith, "A prophet is not
without honor, save in his own country." And neither here did He
stop, but added, "And in his own house." To me it appears, that
with covert reference to His very own brethren, He made this
addition.
But in Luke He puts examples also of this, saying, that neither did
Elias come unto His own, but to the stranger widow; neither by
Eliseus was any other leper healed, but the stranger Naaman;and
Israelites neither received benefit, nor conferred benefit, but the
foreigners. And these things He saith, signifying in every instance
their evil disposition, and that in His case nothing new is taking
place.
2. "At that time Herod the tetrarch heard of the fame of
Jesus."For Herod the king, this man's father, he that slew the
children, was dead.
But not without a purpose doth the evangelist signify the time, but to
make thee observe also the haughtiness of the tyrant, and his
thoughtlessness, in that not at the beginning did he inform himself
about Christ, but after a very long time.For such are they that are
in places of power, and are encompassed with much pomp, they learn
these things late, because they do not make much account of them.
But mark thou, I pray thee, how great a thing virtue is, that he
was afraid of him even when dead, and out of his fear he speaks wisely
even concerning a resurrection.
"For he said," it is mentioned, "unto his servants, This is
John, whom I slew, he is risen from the dead, and therefore the
mighty powers do work in him."Seest thou the intensity of his fear?
for neither then did he dare to publish it abroad, but he still speaks
but to his own servants.
But yet even this opinion savored of the soldier, and was absurd.
For many besides had risen from the dead, and no one had wrought
anything of the kind. And his words seem to me to be the language both
of vanity, and of fear. For such is the nature of unreasonable
souls, they admit often a mixture of opposite passions.
But Luke affirms that the multitudes said, "This is Elias, or
Jeremias, or one of the old prophets,"but he, as uttering forsooth
something wiser than the rest, made this assertion.
But it is probable that before this, in answer to them that said He
was John (for many had said this too), he had denied it, and said,
"I slew him," priding himself and glorying in it. For this both
Mark and Luke report that he said, "John I beheaded."But when
the rumor prevailed, then he too saith the same as the people.
Then the evangelist relates to us also the history. And what might
his reason be for not introducing it as a subject by itself?Because
all their labor entirely was to tell what related to Christ, and they
made themselves no secondary work besides this, except it were again to
contribute to the same end. Therefore neither now would they have
mentioned the history were it not on Christ's account, and because
Herod said, "John is risen again."
But Mark saith, that Herod exceedingly honored the man, and this,
when reproved.So great a thing is virtue.
Then his narrative proceeds thus: "For Herod had laid hold on
John, and bound him, and put him in prison, for Herodias' sake,
his brother Philip's wife. For John said unto him, It is not
lawful for thee to have her. And when he would have put him to death,
he feared the people, because they counted him as a prophet."
And wherefore doth he not address his discourse at all to her, but to
the man? Because it depended more on him.
But see how inoffensive he makes his accusation, as relating a history
rather than bringing a charge.
4. "But when Herod's birth-day was kept,"saith he, "the
daughter of Herodias danced before them,and pleased Herod."O
diabolical revel! O satanic spectacle! O lawless dancing! and more
lawless reward for the dancing. For a murder more impious than all
murders was perpetrated, and he that was worthy to be crowned and
publicly honored, was slain in the midst, and the trophy of the devils
was set on the table.
And the means too of the victory were worthy of the deeds done. For,
"The daughter of Herodias," it is said, "danced in the midst,
and pleased Herod. Whereupon he sworewith an oath to give her
whatsoever she would ask. And she being before instructed ofher
mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger."
Her reproach is twofold; first, that she danced, then that she
pleased him, and so pleased him, as to obtain even murder for her re
ward.
Seest thou how savage he was? how senseless? how foolish? in putting
himself under the obligation of an oath, while to her he gives full
power over her request. But when he saw the evil actually ensuing,
"he was sorry,"it is said; and yet in the first instance he had put
him in bonds. Wherefore then is he sorry? Such is the nature of
virtue, even amongst the wicked admiration and praises are its due.
But alas for her madness! When she too ought to admire, yea, to bow
down to him, for trying to redress her wrong, she on the contrary even
helps to arrange the plot, and lays a snare, and asks a diabolical
favor.
But he was afraid "for the oath's sake," it is said, "and them
that sat at meat with him." And how didst thou not fear that which is
more grievous? Surely if thou wast afraid to have witnesses of thy
perjury, much more oughtest thou to fear having so many witnesses of a
murder so lawless.
But as I think many are ignorant of the grievance itself, whence the
murder had its origin, I must declare this too, that ye may learn the
wisdom of the lawgiver. What then was the ancient law, which Herod
indeed trampled on, but John vindicated? The wife of him that died
childless was to be given to his brother.For since death was an
incurable ill, and all was contrived for life's sake; He makes a law
that the living brother should marry her, and should call the child
that is born by the name of the dead, so that his house should not
utterly perish. For if the dead were not so much as to leave
children, which is the greatest mitigation of death, the sorrow would
be without remedy. Therefore you see, the lawgiver devised this
refreshment for those who were by nature deprived of children, and
commanded the issue to be reckoned as belonging to the other.
But when there was a child, this marriage was no longer permitted.
"And wherefore?" one may say, "for if it was lawful for another,
much more for the brother." By no means. For He will have men's
consanguinity extended, and the sources multiplied of our interest in
each other.
Why then, in the case also of death without offspring, did not
another marry her? Because it would not so be accounted the child of
the departed; but now his brother begetting it, the fiction became
probable. And besides, any other man had no constraining call to
build up the house of the dead, but this had incurred the claim by
relationship.
Forasmuch then as Herod had married his brother's wife, when she had
a child, therefore John blames him, and blames him with moderation,
showing together with his boldness, his consideration also. But mark
thou, I pray thee, how the whole theatre was devilish. For first,
it was made up of drunkenness and luxury, whence nothing healthful
could come. Secondly, the spectators in it were depraved, and he
that gave the banquet the worst transgressor of all. Thirdly, there
was the irrational pleasure. Fourthly, the damsel, because of whom
the marriage was illegal, who ought even to have hid herself, as
though her mother were dishonored by her, comes making a show, and
throwing into the shade all harlots, virgin as she was.
And the time again contributes no little to the reproof of this
enormity. For when he ought to be thanking God, that on that day He
had brought him to light, then he ventures upon those lawless acts.
When one in chains ought to have been freed by him, then he adds
slaughter to bonds.
Hearken, ye virgins, or rather ye wives also, as many as consent to
such unseemliness at other person's weddings, leaping, and bounding,
and disgracing our common nature. Hearken, ye men too, as many as
follow after those banquets, full of expense and drunkenness, and fear
ye the gulf of the evil one. For indeed so mightily did he seize upon
that wretched person just then, that he sware even to give the half of
his kingdom: this being Mark's statement, "He sware unto her,
Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half
of my kingdom."
Such was the value he set upon his royal power; so was he once for all
made captive by his passion, as to give up his kingdom for a dance.
And why marvel at these things so happening then, since even now,
after the coming in of so high a wisdom, for a dance' sake many of
these effeminate young men give up their very souls, and that without
constraint of any oath? For being made captive by the pleasure, they
are led like sheep, wheresoever the wolf may drag them; which was then
the case with that frenzied man, who was guilty of two extreme acts of
madness; first, in making it depend on her that was so maddened, and
intoxicated with her passion, and shrinking from nothing; next, in
making the deed fast with the constraint of an oath.
5. But albeit he was so wicked, that base woman was more wicked than
all of them, both the damsel and the tyrant. For she was the very
first contriver of all the mischiefs, and the framer of the whole plot
(she who most of all ought to have been thankful to the prophet);
since it was in obedience to her that her daughter both disgraced
herself, and danced, and sought the murder; and Herod was entrapped
by her.
Seest thou how justly Christ said, "He that loveth father or mother
more than me, is not worthy of me."For had she kept this law, she
would not have trangressed so many laws, she would not have perpetrated
this foul murder.
For what could be worse than this brutal fierceness? to ask a murder
by way of a favor, a lawless murder, a murder in the midst of a
banquet, a murder publicly, and without shame? Since she went not
unto him privately to speak of these things, but publicly, and with
her mask thrown off, barefaced, and having got the devil to plead with
her, in this guise she saith whatever she saith. Yea, and he it was
that caused her at all to get credit by her dancing, and to catch
Herod at that moment. For where dancing is, there is the evil one.
For neither did God give us feet for this end, but that we may walk
orderly: not that we may behave ourselves unseemly, not that we may
jump like camels (for even they too are disagreeable when dancing,
much more women), but that we may join the choirs of angels.
For if the body is base, thus making itself unseemly, much more the
soul. Like this is the dancing of the demons, like this, the jesting
of such as are servants of the demons.
And mark too the very mode of asking. "Give me here John
Baptist's head in a charger." Dost thou see her lost to all shame,
become altogether the devil's? She mentions his very office, and not
even so does she hide her face, but as if it were some viand she is
speaking of, just so doth she ask for that sacred and blessed head to
be brought in in a charger.
And she doth not so much as assign a cause, for neither had she one to
mention, but she claims simply to be complimented by the calamities of
others. And she said not, "Bring him in here, and slay him," for
she could not have endured his bold language even when he was about to
die. Yea, and she dreaded to hear his awful voice, even when
enduring slaughter; for not on the very point of being beheaded would
he have kept silence. Therefore she saith, "Give me here in a
charger," for "I long to see that tongue silent:" her object
being, not simply to be rid of his reproofs, but also to trample upon
him, and deride him when fallen. Yet God endured it, and neither
discharged His thunderbolt from above to scorch her shameless
countenance, nor commanded the earth to open, and receive that wicked
revel; at once both crowning the righteous man more signally, and
leaving much consolation to them that hereafter suffer anything
unjustly.
6. Let us hearken therefore, as many as suffer ill, living in
virtue, at the hands of wicked men. For then too God endured that
even he in the wilderness, he in the leathern girdle, in the garment
of hair, the prophet, the man greater than all prophets, who had no
superior among those born of women, should actually be murdered, and
that by an immodest damsel, and a corrupt harlot, and all in
vindicating the laws of God. These things then let us consider, and
bear all nobly, whatever we may suffer.
For then too this bloodthirsty and lawless woman, as far as she
desired to take vengeance on him that had grieved her, so far did she
prevail, and satiated all her anger, and God permitted it. And yet
to her he had said nothing, nor had he accused her, but he found fault
with the man only. But her conscience was a bitter accuser.
Wherefore also she was led on in frenzy to greater evils, being
grieved, and stung, and she disgraced all at once, herself, her
daughter, her departed husband, her living paramour, and tried to
surpass her former acts. For "if thou art vexed," saith she, "at
his committing adultery, I make him a murderer also, and cause him to
be the slayer of his reprover."
Hearken, as many as are unduly excited about women.
Hearken, as many as proffer oaths about things uncertain, and give
others power for your own destruction, and dig a pit for your selves.
Yea, for so came this man's ruin. I mean, he surely expected her
to ask some request suitable to the feast, and that being a damsel,
and asking a favor at a banquet, and revel, and solemn assembly, she
would ask something cheerful, and gracious, and surely not a head;
and he was deceived.
But nevertheless none of these things will be a plea for him. And
what if she had attained the spirit of the men that fight with wild
beasts? nevertheless he ought not to have been deceived, nor to have
ministered to such tyrannical injunctions.
For, in the first place, who would not have shuddered to see that
sacred head, dropping blood, set forth at the feast? But not so the
lawless Herod, nor the woman more accursed than he. For such is the
nature of the unchaste among women; none so audacious and so savage as
they.
For if we shudder at hearing these things, what must we suppose of the
effect of that sight at the time? what of the feeling of those who sat
with him at meat, on seeing blood dropping from a newly-severed head
in the midst of the revel? But as for that blood-thirsty woman, and
fiercer than furies, she had no feeling at that spectacle, but even
took delight in it, yet if nothing else, surely the mere sight, it
was to be expected, would effectually turn her cold. But no such
feeling had she, the murderess, and full of thirst after prophets'
blood.
For such is the nature of whoredom. It makes men not wanton only,
but murderous also. Those women at all events, who desire to commit
adultery, are prepared even for the slaying of their injured husbands,
and not one only, nor two, but ten thousand murders are they ready to
venture upon. And of this sort of tragic plots there are many
witnesses.
Which thing she also did at that time, looking to be concealed after
this, and to hide her crime. The very contrary whereunto was the
result; for John's cry was heard more loudly after these things.
But wickedness looks to the present only, like fevered persons
unseasonably asking for cold water. For in fact, if she had not slain
her accuser, her crime would not have been so completely discovered.
His disciples at least, when she had thrown him into prison, said
nothing of the kind; but when she had slain him, then they were
compelled to mention the cause also. For willing as they were to have
concealed the adulteress, and not inclined to expose their neighbor's
calamities; yet when they found themselves compelled to give an account
of it, then they tell the whole crime. For lest any one should
suspect that the cause of his slaughter was a discreditable one, as in
the case of Theudas and Judas,they are constrained to tell the
occasion also of the murder. So that the more thou wouldest dissemble
a sin in this way, so much the more dost thou expose it. For sin is
not hidden by the addition of sin, but by repentance and confession.
7. But see the evangelist, how he relates all without
invidiousness, and as far as he can, absolutely makes out an excuse.
Thus first in behalf of Herod he saith, "For the oath's sake, and
them which sat with him at meat," and that "he was sorry;" then of
the damsel, "Being before instructed of her mother," and that "she
brought the head to her mother;" as though he had said, it was her
command that she was fulfilling. Since not for the sufferers but for
the wrongdoers do all righteous men grieve, since in fact these are
they who properly speaking suffer ill. For neither was John injured,
but these the centrivers of such proceedings.
Them let us also imitate, and not trample upon our neighbors' sins,
but so far as is right, shadow them over. Let us take to ourselves a
soul severe in goodness. For so the very evangelist, speaking of a
harlot and a blood-stained woman, avoided harshness, as far as might
be. For neither did he say, "by the blood-stained and accursed
woman," but "being before instructed of her mother," using such
names as have rather an innocent sound.
But thou dost even insult and revile thy neighbor, and couldest never
endure to make mention of a brother that had grieved thee in such
terms, as he hath done of the harlot, but with much brutal
fierceness, and re-preaches, calling him the wicked one, the
malefactor, the crafty, the feel, and many other names more grievous
than these. For so we make ourselves more and more like wild beasts,
and talk of him as of a man of monstrous origin,vilifying, reviling,
insulting. But not so the saints; they on the contrary mourn for such
as sin, rather than curse them.
8. This then let us also do, and let us weep for Herodias, and for
them that imitate her. For many such revels now also take place, and
though John be not slain, yet the members of Christ are, and in a
far more grievous way. For it is not a head in a charger that the
dancers of our time ask, but the souls of them that sit at the feast.
For in making them slaves, and leading them to unlawful loves, and
besetting them with harlots, they do not take off the head, but slay
the soul, making them adulterers, and effeminate, and whoremongers.
For thou wilt not surely tell me, that when full of wine, and
drunken, and looking at a woman who is dancing and uttering base
words, thou dost not feel anything towards her, neither art hurried on
to profligacy, overcome by thy lust. Nay, that awful thing befails
thee, that thou "makest the members of Christ members of an
harlot."
For though the daughter of Herodias be not present, yet the devil,
who then danced in her person, in theirs also holds his choirs now,
and departs with the souls of those guests taken captive.
But if ye are able to keep clear of drunkenness, yet are ye partakers
of another most grievous sin; such revels being also full of much
rapine. For look not, I pray thee, on the meats that are set before
them, nor on the cakes; but consider whence they are gathered, and
thou wilt see that it is of vexation, and covetousness, and violence,
and rapine.
"Nay, ours are not from such sources," one may say. God forbid
they should be: for neither do I desire it. Nevertheless, although
they be clear of these, not even so are our costly feasts freed from
blame. Hear, at all events, how even apart from these things the
prophet finds fault with them, thus speaking, "Woe to them that
drink wine racked off, and anoint themselves with the chief
ointments."Seest thou how He censures luxury too? For it is not
covetousness which He here lays to their charge, but prodigality
only.
And thou eatest to excess, Christ not even for need; thou various
cakes, He not so much as dry bread; thou drinkest Thasian wine, but
on Him thou hast not bestowed so much as a cup of cold water in His
thirst. Thou art on a soft and embroidered bed, but He is perishing
with the cold.
Wherefore, though the banquets be clear from covetousness, yet even
so are they accursed, because, while for thy part thou doest all in
excess, to Him thou givest not even His need; and that, living in
luxury upon things that belong to Him. Why, if thou wert guardian to
a child, and having taken possession of his goods, were to neglect him
in extremities, thou wouldest have ten thousand accusers, and wouldest
suffer the punishment appointed by the laws; and now having taken
possession of the goods of Christ, and thus consuming them for no
purpose, dost thou not think thou wilt have to give account?
9. And these things I say not of those who introduce harlots to
their tables (for to them I have nothing to say, even as neither have
I to the dogs), nor of those who cheat some, and pamper others (for
neither with them have I anything to do, even as I have not with the
swine and with the wolves); but of those who enjoy indeed their own
property, but do not impart thereof to others; of those who spend
their patrimony at random. For neither are these clear from
reprehension. For how, tell me, wilt thou escape reprov- ing and
blame, while thy parasite is pampered, and the dog that stands by
thee, but Christ's worth appears to thee even not equal to theirs?
when the one receives so much for laughter's sake, but the other for
the Kingdom of Heaven not so much as the smallest fraction thereof.
And while the parasite, on saying something witty, goes away filled;
this Man, who hath taught us, what if we had not learnt we should
have been no better than the dogs,--is He counted unworthy of even
the same treatment with such an one?
Dost thou shudder at being told it? Shudder then at the realities.
Cast out the parasites, and make Christ to sit down to meat with
thee. If He partake of thy salt, and of thy table, He will be mild
in judging thee: He knows how to respect a man's table. Yea, if
robbers know this, much more the Lord. Think, for instance, of
that harlot, how at a table He justified her, and upbraids Simon,
saying, "Thou gavest me no kiss."I say, if He feed thee, not
doing these things, much more will He reward thee, doing them. Look
not at the poor man, that he comes to thee filthy and squalid, but
consider that Christ by him is setting foot in thine house, and cease
from thy fierceness, and thy relentless words, with which thou art
even aspersing such as come to thee, calling them impostors, idle,
and other names more grievous than these.
And think, when thou art talking so, of the parasites; what kind of
works do they accomplish? in what respect do they profit thine house?
Do they really make thy dinner pleasant to thee? pleasant, by their
being beaten and saying foul words? Nay, what can be more unpleasing
than this, when thou smitest him that is made after God's likeness,
and from thine insolence to him gatherest enjoyment for thyself, making
thine house a theatre, and filling thy banquet with stage-players,
thou who art well born and free imitating the actors with their heads
shaven?For among them too is laughter, and rude blows.
These things then dost thou call pleasure, I pray thee, which are
deserving of many tears, of much mourning and lamentation? And when
it were fit to urge them to a good life, to give timely advice, dost
thou lead them on to perjuries, and disorderly language, and call the
thing a delight? and that which procures hell, dost thou account a
subject of pleasure? Yea, and when they are at a loss for witty
sayings, they pay the whole reckoning wits oaths and false swearing.
Are these things then worthy of laughter, and not of lamentations and
tears? Nay, who would say so, that hath understanding?
And this I say, not forbidding them to be fed, but not for such a
purpose. Nay, let their maintenance have the motive of kindness, not
of cruelty; let it be compassion, not insolence. Because he is a
poor man, feed him; because Christ is fed, feed him; not for
introducing satanical sayings, and disgracing his own life. Look not
at him outwardly laughing, but examine his conscience, and then thou
wilt see him uttering ten thousand imprecations against himself, and
groaning, and wailing. And if he do not show it, this also is due to
thee.
10. Let the companions of thy meals then be men that are poor and
free, not perjured persons, nor stage-players. And if thou must
needs ask of them a requital for their food, enjoin them, should they
see anything done that is amiss, to rebuke, to admonish, to help thee
in thy care over thine household, in the government of thy servants.
Hast thou children? Let these be joint fathers to them, let them
divide thy charge with thee, let them yield thee such profits as God
loveth. Engage them in a spiritual traffic. And if thou see one
needing protection, bid them succor, command them to minister. By
these do thou track the strangers out, by these clothe the naked, by
these send to the prison, put an end to the distresses of others.
Let them give thee, for their food, this requital, which profits
both thee and them, and carries with it no condemnation.
Hereby friendship also is more closely riveted. For now, though they
seem to be loved, yet for all that they are ashamed, as living without
object in thy house; but if they accomplish these purposes, both they
will be more pleasantly situated, and thou wilt have more satisfaction
in maintaining them, as not spending thy money without fruit; and they
again will dwell with thee in boldness and due freedom, and thy house,
instead of a theatre, will become to thee a church, and the devil will
be put to flight, and Christ will enter, and the choir of the
angels. For where Christ is, there are the angels too, and where
Christ and the angels are, there is Heaven, there is a light more
cheerful than this of the sun.
And if thou wouldest reap yet another consolation through their means,
command them, when thou art at leisure, to take their books and read
the divine law. They will have more pleasure in so ministering to
you, than in the other way. For these things add respect both to thee
and to them, but those bring disgrace upon all together; upon thee as
an insolent person and a drunkard, upon them as wretched and
gluttonous. For if thou feed in order to insult them, it is worse
than if thou hadst put them to death; but if for their good and
profit, it is more useful again than if thou hadst brought them back
from their way to execution. And now indeed thou dost disgrace them
more than thy servants, and thy servants enjoy more liberty of speech,
and freedom of conscience, than they do; but then thou wilt make them
equal to the angels.
Set free therefore both them and thine own self, and take away the
name of parasite, and call them companions of thy meals;cast away the
appellation of flatterers, and bestow on them that of friends. With
this intent indeed did God make our friendships, not for evil to the
beloved and loving, but for their good and profit.
But these friendships are more grievous than any enmity. For by our
enemies, if we will, we are even profiled; but by these we must needs
be harmed, no question of it. Keep not then friends to teach thee
harm; keep not friends who are enamored rather of thy table than of thy
friendship. For all such persons, if thou retrench thy good living,
retrench their friendship too; but they that associate with thee for
virtue's sake, remain continually, enduring every change.
And besides, the race of the parasites doth often take revenge upon
thee, and bring upon thee an ill fame. Hence at least I know many
respectable persons to have got bad characters, and some have been evil
reported of for sorceries, some for adulteries and corrupting of
youths. For whereas they have no work to do, but spend their own life
unprofitably; their ministry is suspected by the multitude as being the
same with that of corrupt youths.
Therefore, delivering ourselves both from evil report, and above all
from the hell that is to come, and doing the things that are
well-pleasing to God, let us put an end to this devilish custom,
that "both eating and drinking we may do all things to the glory of
God,"and enjoy the glory that cometh from Him; unto which may we
all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus
Christ, to whom be glory and might, now and ever, and world without
end. Amen.
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