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MATT. VIII. 5.
"And when He was entered into Capernaum, there came unto Him a
centurion, beseeching Him, and saying, Lord, my servant lieth at
homesick of the palsy, grievously tormented."
THE leper came unto Him "when He was come down front time
mountain," but this centurion, "when He was entered into
Capernaum." Wherefore then did neither the one nor the other go up
into the mountain? Not out of remissness, for indeed the faith of
them both was fervent, but in order not to interrupt His teaching.
But having come unto Him, he saith, "My servant lieth at home sick
of the palsy, grievously tormented." Now some say, that by way of
excuse he mentioned also the cause, why he had not brought him. "For
neither was it possible," saith he, "paralyzed as he was, and
tormented, and at his last gasp, to lift and convey him." For that
he was at the point of expiring, Luke saith; "He was even ready to
die."But I say, this is a sign of his having great faith, even
much greater than theirs, who let one down through the roof.For
because he knew for certain, that even a mere command was enough for
the raising up of the patient, he thought it superfluous to bring him.
What then doth Jesus? What He had in no case done before, here He
doeth. For whereas on every occasion He was used to follow the wish
of His supplicants, here He rather springs toward it, and offers not
only to heal him, but also to come to the house. And this He doth,
that we might learn the virtue of the centurion. For if He had not
made this offer, but had said, "Go thy way, let thy servant be
healed;" we should have known none of these things.
This at least He did, in an opposite way, in the case also of the
Phoenician woman. For here, when not summoned to the house, of His
own accord He saith, He will come, that thou mightest learn the
centurion's faith and great humility; but in the case of the
Phoenician woman, He both refuses the grant, and drives her,
persevering therein, to great perplexity.
For being a wise physician and full of resources, He knows how to
bring about contraries the one by the other.And as here by His
freely-offered coming, so there by His peremptory putting off and
denial, He unfolds the woman's faith. So likewise He doth in
Abraham's case, saying, "I will by no means hide from Abraham my
servant;"to make thee know that man's kindly affection, and his care
for Sodom. And in the instance of Lot,they that were sent refuse to
enter into his house, to make thee know the greatness of that righteous
man's hospitality.
What then saith the centurion? "I am not worthy that thou shouldest
come under my roof."Let us hearken, as many as are to receive
Christ: for it is possible to receive Him even now. Let us
hearken, and emulate, and receive Him with as great zeal; for
indeed, when thou receivest a poor man who is hungry and naked, thou
hast received and cherished Him.
2. "But say in a word only,and my servant shall be healed."
See this man also, how, like the leper, he hath the right opinion
touching Him. For neither did this one say, "entreat," nor did he
say, "pray, and beseech," but "command only." And then from
fear lest out of modesty He refuse, He saith,
"For I also am a man under authority, having under me soldiers; and
I say to this man, go, and he goeth; and to another, come, and he
cometh; and to my servant, do this, and he doeth it."
"And what of that," saith one, "if the centurion did suspect it to
be so? For the question is, whether Christ affirmed and ratified as
much." Thou speakest well, and very sensibly. Let us then look to
this very thing; and we shall find what happened in the case of the
leper, the same happening here likewise. For even as the leper said,
"If thou wilt" (and not from the leper only are we positive about
His authority, but also from the voice of Christ; in that, so far
from putting an end to the suspicion, He did even confirm it more, by
adding what were else superfluous to say, in the phrase,. "I will,
be thou cleansed," in order to establish that man's doctrine): so
here too, it is right to see whether any such thing occurred. In
fact, we shall find this same thing again taking place. For when the
centurion had spoken such words, and had testified His so great
prerogative; so far from blaming, He did even approve it, and did
somewhat more than approve it. For neither hath the evangelist said,
that He praised the saying only, but declaring a certain earnestness
in His praise, that He even "marvelled;" and neither did He
simply marvel, but in the presence also of the whole people, and set
Him as an example to the rest, that they should emulate Him.
Seest thou how each of them that bore witness of His authority is"
marvelled at? And the multitudes were astonished at His doctrine,
because He taught as one having authority;"and so far from blaming
them, He both took them with Him when He came down, and by His
words of cleansing to the leper, confirmed their judgment. Again,
that leper said, "If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean;" and so
far from rebuking, He on the contrary cleansed him by such treatment
as He had said. Again, this centurion saith, "Speak the word
only, and my servant shall be healed: "and "marvelling" at him,
He said, "I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel."
Now, to convince thee of this by the opposite also; Martha having
said nothing of this sort, but on the contrary, "Whatsoever thou
wilt ask of God, He will give Thee;"so far from being praised,
although an acquaintance, and dear to Him, and one of them that had
shown great zeal toward Him, she was rather rebuked and corrected by
Him, as not having spoken well; in that He said to her, "Said I
not unto thee, that if thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the
glory of God?"blaming her, as though she did not even yet believe.
And again, because she had said, "Whatsoever Thou wilt ask of
God, He will give Thee;" to lead her away from such a surmise,
and to teach her that He needs not to receive from another, but is
Himself the fountain of all good things, He saith, "I am the
resurrection and the life;"that is to say, "I wait not to receive
active power,but work all of myself."
Wherefore at the centurion He both marvels, and prefers him to all
the people, and honors him with the gift of the kingdom, and provokes
the rest to the same zeal. And to show thee that for this end He so
spake, viz. for the instructing of the rest to believe in like
manner, listen to the exactness of the evangelist. how he hath
intimated it. For,
"Jesus," saith He, "turned Him about, and said to them that
followed Him, I have not found so great faith, no, not in
Israel."
It follows, that to have high imaginations concerning Him, this
especially is of faith, and tends to procure the kingdom and His other
blessings. For neither did His praise reach to words only, but He
both restored the sick man whole, in recompence of his faith, and
weaves for him a glorious crown, and promises great gifts, saying on
this wise,
"Many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down in the
bosoms of Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob; but the children of the
kingdom shall be cast out." Thus, since He had shown many
miracles, He proceeds to talk with them more unreservedly.
Then, that no one might suppose His words to come of flattery, but
that all might be aware that such was the mind of the centurion, He
saith,
"Go thy way; as thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee."
And straightway the work followed, bearing witness to his character.
"And his servant was healed from that hour."
Which was the result in the case of the Syrophoenician woman also;
for to her too He saith, "O woman, great is thy faith; be it unto
thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole."
3. But since Luke, also relating this miracle, inserts by the way
a good many other things, which seem to indicate some disagreement;
these too must be explained by us.
What then saith Luke? He sent elders of the Jews unto Him
entreating Him to come.But Matthew saith, that he approached
himself, and said, "I am not worthy." And some indeed say, the
one is not the same as the other, though they have many points of
resemblance. Thus, of the one it is said, that "He both hath
builded our synagogue, and loveth our nation; "but concerning this
other Jesus Himself saith, "I have not found so great faith, no
not in Israel." And touching the former, He did not say, "many
shall come from the east;" whence it is likely that he was a Jew.
What then are we to say? That this solution is indeed easy, but the
question is, whether it be true. To me this one seems to be the same
as the other. How then, it may be asked, doth Matthew relate, that
he himself said, "I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my
roof," but Luke, that he sent for Christ to come? To me Luke
seems to be intimating to us the flattery of the Jews; and that
persons in affliction, being unsettled, form to themselves many
different counsels. For it is likely that the centurion, when he
wished to have gone, was stopped by the Jews, flattering him, and
saying, "We will go and bring Him."
See at least that even their entreaty is full of flattering. "For
He loveth our nation" (so it runs), "and our synagogue He
builded:"neither know they for what to praise the man. For whereas
they ought to have said, He was minded himself to come and entreat
Thee, "but we forbad him, seeing his affliction, and the calamity
lying upon his house;" and so they should have set forth the greatness
of his faith; this they say not, for neither were they willing, for
envy, to declare the man's faith: but they chose rather to cast a
shade over his virtue, for whom they had come to make their
supplication, lest He who was entreated, should seem to be some great
one; than by proclaiming the other's faith, to accomplish that for
which they had come. For envy is enough to blind the understanding.
But He who knows the secret things, even against their will
proclaimed that centurion.
And that this is true, hear Luke himself again, interpreting it.
For he himself saith on this wise: "When He was now not far off,
he sent, saying, O Lord, trouble not Thyself: for I am not
worthy that Thou shouldest enter under my roof."That is, when he
was freed from their importunity, then he sends, saying, "Think not
it was for sloth that I came not, but I accounted myself unworthy to
receive Thee in my house." And if Matthew saith that not by his
friends, but by himself did he say this; that provesnothing; for the
question is, whether each of them has set before us the zealousness of
the man, and his having had the right opinion concerning Christ. But
it is likely, that after sending his friends, he himself also came and
said these things. And if Luke did not speak of the one, no more did
Matthew of the other; and this is not the part of men disagreeing
amongst themselves, but rather of those that are filling up the things
omitted by one another. But see by another thing also how Luke hath
proclaimed his faith, saying that his servant "was ready to
die."Nevertheless, not even this cast him into despondency, neither
did it cause him to give up: but even so he trusted that he should
prevail. And if Matthew affirm Christ to have said, "I have not
found so great faith, no, not in Israel," and hereby to show
clearly that he was not an Israelite; while Luke saith, "He built
our synagogue;" neither is this a contradiction. For it was possible
for one, even though not a Jew, both to build the synagogue, and to
love the nation.
4. But do not thou, I pray thee, merely inquire what was said by
him, but add thereto his rank also, and then thou wilt see the man's
excellency. Because in truth great is the pride of them that are in
places of command, and not even in afflictions do they take lower
ground. He, for example, who is set down in John, is for dragging
Him unto his house, and saith, "Come down, for my child is ready
to die."But not so this man; rather he is far superior both to him,
and to those who let down the bed through the roof For he seeks not for
His bodily presence, neither did He bring the sick man near the
physician; a thing which implied no mean imaginations concerning Him,
but rather a suspicion of His divine dignity. And he saith, "speak
the word only." And at the beginning he saith not even, "speak the
word," but only describe his affliction: for neither did he, of
great humility, expect that Christ would straightway consent, and
inquire for his house. Therefore, when he heard Him say, "I will
come and heal him," then, not before he saith, "speak the word."
Nor yet did the suffering confound him, but still under calamity he
reasons coolly,not looking so much to the health of the servant, as to
the avoiding all appearance of doing anything irreverent.
And yet it was not he that pressed it, but Christ that offered it:
nevertheless even so he feared, lest perchance he should be thought to
be going beyond his own deservings, and to be drawing upon himself a
thing above his strength.Seest thou his wisdom? Mark the folly of
the Jews, in saying, "He was worthy for whom He should do the
favor."For when they should have taken refuge in the love of Jesus
towards man, they rather allege this man's worthiness; and know not
so much as on what ground to allege it. But not so he, but he
affirmed himself even in the utmost degree unworthy, not only of the
benefit, but even of receiving the Lord in his house. Wherefore even
when he said, "My servant lieth sick," he did not add, "speak,"
for fear lest he should be unworthy to obtain the gift; but he merely
made known his affliction. And when he saw Christ zealous in His
turn, not even so did he spring forward, but still continues to keep
to the end his own proper measure.
And if any one should say, "wherefore did not Christ honor him in
return?" we would say this, that He did make return to him in
honor, and that exceedingly: first by bringing out his mind, which
thing chiefly appeared by His not coming to his house; and in the
second place, by introducing him into His kingdom, and preferring him
to the whole Jewish nation. For because he made himself out unworthy
even to receive Christ into his house, he became worthy both of a
kingdom, and of attaining unto those good things which Abraham
enjoyed.
"But wherefore," one may say, "was not the leper commended, who
showed forth things greater than these?" For he did not so much as
say, "speak the word," but what was far more, "be willing only,"
which is what the prophet saith concerning the Father, "He hath done
whatsoever He pleased."But he also was commended. For when He
said, "Offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony unto
them,"He means nothing else but, "thou shalt be an accuser of
them, in that thou didst believe." And besides, it was not the same
for one that was a Jew to believe, and for one from without that
nation. For that the centurion was not a Jew is evident, both from
his being a centurion and from its being said, "I have not found so
great faith, no, not in Israel." And it was a very great thing for
a man who was out of the list of the Jewish people to admit so great a
thought. For he did no less than imagine to himself, as it seems to
me, the armies in Heaven; or that the diseases and death, and
everything else, were so subject to Him, as his soldiers to himself.
Wherefore he said likewise, "For I also am a man set under
authority;" that is, Thou art God, and I man; I under
authority, but Thou not under authority. If I therefore, being a
man, and under authority, can do so much; far more He, both as
God, and as not under authority. Thus with the strongest expression
He desires to convince Him, that he saith this, as one giving not a
similar example, but one far exceeding. For if I (said he), being
equal in honor to them whom I command, and under authority, yet by
reason of the trifling superiority of my rank am able to do such great
things; and no man contradicts me, but what I command, that is
done, though the injunctions be various ("for I say to this man,
go, and he goeth; and to another, come, and he cometh":much more
wilt Thou Thyself be able.
And some actually read the place in this way, "For if I, being a
man," and having inserted a stop, they add, "having soldiers under
authority under me."
But mark thou, I pray thee, how he signified that Christ is able
both to overcome even death as a slave, and to command it as its
master. For in saying, "come, and he cometh," and "go, and he
goeth;" he expresses this: "If Thou shouldest command his end not
to come upon him, it will not come." Seest thou how believing he
was? For that which was afterwards to be manifest to all, here is one
who already hath made it evident; that He hath power both of death and
of life, and "leadeth down to the gates of hell, and bringeth up
again."Nor was he speaking of soldiers only, but also of slaves;
which related to a more entire obedience.
5. But nevertheless, though having such great faith, he still
accounted himself to be unworthy. Christ however, signifying that he
was worthy to have Him enter into his house, did much greater things,
marvelling at him, and proclaiming him, and giving more than he had
asked. For he came indeed seeking for his servant health of body, but
went away, having received a kingdom. Seest thou how the saying had
been already fulfilled, "Seek ye the kingdom of heaven, and all
these things shall be added unto you."For, because he evinced great
faith, and lowliness of mind, He both gave him heaven, and added
unto him health.
And not by this alone did He honor him, but also by signifying upon
whose casting out he is brought in. For now from this time forth He
proceeds to make known to all, that salvation is by faith, not by
works of the law. And this is why not to Jews only, but to Gentiles
also the gift so given shall be proffered, and to the latter rather
than to the former. For "think not," saith He, "by any means,
that so it hath come to pass in regard of this man alone; nay, so it
shall be in regard of the whole world. And this He said, prophesying
of the Gentiles, and suggesting to them good hopes. For in fact
there were some following Him from Galilee of the Gentiles. And
this He said, on the one hand, not letting the Gentiles despair, on
the other, putting down the proud spirits of the Jews.
But that His saying might not affrontthe hearers, nor afford them any
handle; He neither brings forward prominently what He hath to say of
the Gentiles, but upon occasion taken from the centurion; nor doth
He use nakedly the term, Gentiles: not saying, "many of the
Gentiles," but, "many from east and west:"which was the language
of one pointing out the Gentiles, but did not so much affront the
hearers, because His meaning was under a shadow.
Neither in this way only doth He soften the apparent novelty of His
doctrine, but also by speaking of "Abraham's bosom" instead of
"the kingdom." For neither was that term familiar to them:
moreover, the introduction of Abraham would be a sharper sting to
them. Wherefore John also spake nothing at first concerning hell,
but, what was most apt to grieve them, He saith, "Think not to
say, we are children of Abraham."
He is providing for another point also; not to seem in any sense
opposed to the ancient polity. For he that admires the patriarchs,
and speaks of their bosom as an inheritance of blessings, doth much
more than sufficiently remove also this suspicion.
Let no man therefore suppose that the threat is one only, for both the
punishment of the one and the joy of the other is double: of the one,
not only that they fell away, but that they fell away from their own;
of the other, not only that they attained, but that they attained what
they had no expectation of: and there is a third together with these,
that the one received what pertained to the other. And he calls them
"children of the kingdom," for whom the kingdom had been prepared:
which also more than all was apt to gall them; in that having pointed
to them as being in their bosom by His offer and promise, after all
He puts them out.
6. Then, because what He had said was mere affirmation, He
confirms it by the miracle; as indeed He shows the miracles in their
turn, by the subsequent accomplishment of the prediction. He
accordingly, who disbelieves the health which the servant then
received, let him from the prophecy, which hath this day come to
pass, believe that other also. For so that prophecy again, even
before the event, was made manifest to all by the sign which then took
place. To this end, you see, having first uttered that prediction,
then and not before He raised up the sick of the palsy; that He might
make the future credible by the present, and the less by the greater.
Since for virtuous men to enjoy His good things, and for the contrary
sort to undergo His penalties, were nothing improbable, but a
reasonable event, and according to the tenor of laws: but to brace up
the feeble, and to raise the dead, was something beyond nature.
But nevertheless, unto this great and marvellous work the centurion
too contributed no little; which thing, we see, Christ also
declared, saying, "Go thy way, and as thou hast believed, so be it
done unto thee." Seest thou how the health of the servant proclaimed
aloud both Christ's power, and the faith of the centurion, and also
became a pledge of the future? Or rather it was all a proclamation of
Christ's power. For not only did He quite heal the servant's
body, but the soul also of the centurion He did Himself bring over
unto the faith by His miracles.
And do thou look not to this only, that the one believed, and the
other was healed, but marvel how quickly also. For this too the
evangelist declared, saying, "And his servant was healed in the
self-same hour:" even as of the leper also he said, "he was
straightway cleansed." For not by healing, but by doing so both in a
wonderful manner and in a moment of time, did He display His power.
Neither in this way only doth He profit us, but also by his constant
practice, in the manifestation of His miracles, of opening
incidentally His discourses about His kingdom, and of drawing all men
towards it. For, those even whom He was threatening to cast out,
He threatened not in order to cast them out, but in order that through
such fear, He might draw them into it by His words. And if not even
hereby were they profited, theirs is the whole blame, as also of all
who are in the like distemper.
For not at all among Jews only may one see this taking place, but
also among them that have believed. For Judas too was a child of the
kingdom, and it was said to him with the disciples, "Ye shall sit on
twelve thrones;"yet he became a child of hell whereas the Ethiopian,
barbarian as he was, and of them "from the east and west," shall
enjoy the crowns with Abraham, and Isaac; and Jacob. This takes
place among us also now. "For many," saith He, "that are first
shall be last, and the last first."And this He saith, that neither
the one may grow languid, as unable to return; nor the others be
confident, as standing fast. This John also declared before from the
beginning, when he said, "God is able of these stones to raise up
children unto Abraham."Thus, since it was so to come to pass, it
is proclaimed long before; that no one may be confounded at the
strangeness of the event. But he indeed speaks of it as a possible
thing (for he was first); Christ on the other hand as what will
surely be, affording the proof of it from His works.
7. Let us not then be confident, who stand, but let us say to
ourselves, "Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he
fall;"neither let us who are fallen despair, but let us say to
ourselves, "He that falleth, doth he not arise?"For many even who
have mounted to the very summit of Heaven, and have shown forth all
austerity, and had made their abode in the deserts, nor saw any woman
so much as in a dream; having become a little remiss, have been
tripped up, and have come unto the very gulf of wickedness. While
others again from thence have gone up to Heaven, and from the stage
and orchestra have passed over unto the discipline of angels, and have
displayed so great virtue, as to drive away devils, and to work many
other such miracles. And of these examples both the Scriptures are
full, and our life is also full. Even whoremongers and effeminate
persons stop the mouths of the Manichaeans, who say that wickedness is
immoveable, enrolling themselves on the devil's side, and weakening
the hands of them that would wish to be in earnest, and overturning all
our life.
For they who inculcate these things, not only injure men as to the
future, but here also turn all things upside down, for their own part
at least. Because when will any regard virtue, from among those that
are living in wickedness, so long as he accounts his return that way,
and His change for the better, a thing impossible? For if now, when
both laws exist, and penalties are threatened, and there is common
opinion to recall the ordinary sort, and hell is looked for, and a
kingdom promised, and wrong things reproached, and the good praised;
hardly do any choose the labors that are to be undergone for virtue's
sake: shouldest thou take away all these things, what is there to
hinder ruin and corruption universal ?
Knowing therefore the devil's craft, and that as well the lawgivers
of the Gentiles as the oracles of God, and the reasonings of nature,
and the common opinion of all men, yea barbarians, and Scythians,
and Thracians, and generally all, are directly opposed both to
these, and to such as strive to enact the doctrines of fate: let us be
sober, beloved, and bidding farewell to all those, let us travel
along the narrow way, being both confident and in fear: in fear
because of the precipices on either side, confident because of Jesus
our guide. Let us travel on, sober and wakeful. For though but for
a little while one slumber, he is swept away quickly.
8. For we are not more perfect than David, who by a little
carelessness was hurled into the very gulf of sin. Yet he arose again
quickly. Look not then to his having sinned only, but also to his
having washed away his sin. For to this end He wrote that history,
not that thou shouldest behold him fallen, but admire him risen; to
teach thee, when thou art fallen, how thou shouldest arise. Thus,
as physicians choose out the most grievous diseases, and write them in
their books, and teach their method of cure in similar cases; if so be
men having practised on the greater, may easily master the less; even
so God likewise hath brought forward the greatest of sins, that they
also who offend in small things may find the cure of these easy, by
means of the other: since if those admitted of healing, much more the
less.
Let us look then to the manner both of the sickness, and of the speedy
recovery of that blessed man. What then was the manner of his
sickness? He committed adultery and murder. For I shrink not from
proclaiming these things with a loud voice. Since if the Holy Ghost
thought it no shame to recordall this history, much less ought we to
draw any shade over it. Wherefore I not only proclaim it, but I add
another circumstance also. For in fact, whosoever hide these things,
they most of all men throw his virtue into the shade. And as they that
say nothing of the battle with Goliath deprive him of no small crowns,
so also they that hurry by this history. Doth not my saying seem a
paradox? Nay, wait a little, and then ye shall know that with reason
have we said this. For to this end do I magnify the sin, and make my
statement stranger, that I may the more abundantly provide the
medicines.
What is it then which I add? The man's virtue; which makes the
fault also greater. For all things are not judged alike in all men.
"For mighty" men (it is said) "shall be mightily tormented: "and
"He that knew his Lord's will, and doeth it not, shall be beaten
with many stripes."So that more knowledge is a ground of more
punishment. For this same reason the priest, if he commit the same
sin as those under government, shall not have the same to endure, but
things far more grievous.
Perhaps, seeing the charge against him amplified, ye tremble and
fear, and marvel at me, as though I were going down a precipice.
But I am so confident on that righteous man's behalf, that I will
proceed even farther; for the more I aggravate the charge, so much
the more shall I be able to show forth the praise of David.
"And what more than this," you will say, "can be uttered?"
Abundantly more. For as in the case of Cain, what was done was not
a murder only, but worse than even many murders; for it was not a
stranger, but a brother, whom he slew; and a brother who had not done
but suffered wrong; not after many murderers, but having first
originated the horrid crime: so here too that which was perpetrated was
not murder only. For it was no ordinary man that did it, but a
prophet: and he slays not him that had done wrong, but him that had
suffered wrong; for indeed he had been mortally wronged, by the
forcing away his wife: nevertheless after that he added this also.
9. Perceive ye, how I have not spared that righteous one? how
without any the least reserve I have mentioned his offenses? But
yet, so confident am I concerning his defense, that after so great
load as this of his sin, I would there were present both the
Manichaeans who most deride all this, and they that are diseased in
Marcion's way,that I might fully stop their mouths. For they
indeed say "he committed murder and adultery;" but I say not this
only, but have also proved the murder to be twofold, first from him
who suffered the wrong, then from the quality of the person who
offended. For it is not the same thing, for one to whom the Spirit
was vouchsafed, and on whom so great benefits had been conferred, and
who had been admitted to such freedom of speech, and at such a time of
life, to venture on crimes of that sort; as without all these, to
commit this self-same thing. Nevertheless even in this respect is
that illustrious man most of all worthy of admiration, that when he had
fallen into the very pit of wickedness, he did not sink nor despair,
nor cast himself down in supineness, on receiving of the devil so fatal
a wound; but quickly, or rather straightway, and with great force,
he gave a more fatal blow than he had received.
And the same thing occurred, as if in war and in battle some barbarian
had struck his spear into the heart of a chieftain, or shot an arrow
into his liver, and had added to the former wound a second more fatal
than it, and he that had received these grievous blows, when fallen,
and wallowing in much blood all about him, were first to rise up
quickly, then to hurl a spear at him that wounded him, and exhibit him
dead on the ground in a moment. Even so in this case also, the
greater thou declarest the wound, so much the more admirable dost thou
imply the soul of him that was wounded to be, that he had power after
this grievous wound both to rise up again, and to stand in the very
forefront of the battle array, and bear down him that had wounded him.
And how great a thing this is, they best know, whosoever are fallen
into grievous sins. For it is not so much a proof of a generous and
vigorous soul to walk upright, and to run all the way (for such a soul
hath the good hope going along with it, to cheer and to rouse it, to
nerve and render it more zealous); as after those innumerable crowns,
and so many trophies, and victories, having undergone the utmost
loss, to be able to resume the same course. And that what I say may
be made plain, I will endeavor to bring before you another example,
not at all inferior to the former.
For imagine, I pray thee, some pilot, when he had compassed seas
without number, and sailed over the whole ocean; after those many
storms, and rocks and waves, to sink, having with him a great
freight, in the very mouth of the harbor, and hardly with his naked
body to escape this grievous shipwreck; how would he naturally feel
towards the sea, and navigation, and such labors? Will such a one
then ever choose, unless he be of a very noble soul, to see a beach,
or a vessel, or a harbor? I trow not; but he will lie hiding his
face, seeing night all through the day, and shrinking from all
things; and he will choose rather to live by begging, than to put his
hand to the same labors.
But not such was this blessed man; but though he had undergone such a
shipwreck, after those innumerable troubles and toils, he stayed not
with his face covered, but launched his vessel, and having spread his
sails, and taken the rudder in hand, he applies himself to the same
labors, and hath made his wealth more abundant again. Now if to stand
be so admirable, and not to lie down for ever after one has fallen; to
rise up again, and to do such deeds, what crowns would not this
deserve ?
And yet surely there were many things to drive him to despair; as
first, the greatness of his sins; secondly, that not at the beginning
of life, when our hopes also are more abundant, but near the end,
these things befell him. For neither doth the merchant, who hath just
gone out of the harbor and been wrecked, grieve equally with him, who
after very many traffickings strikes on a rock. Thirdly, that when he
had already obtained great wealth, he incurred this. Yea, for by
that time he had stored up no small merchandise: for instance, the
deeds of his early youth, when he was a shepherd; those about
Goliath, when he set up the glorious trophy; those pertaining to his
self-command respecting Saul. Since he showed forth even the
evangelical long-suffering, in that he got his enemy ten thousand
times into his hands, and continually spared him; and chose rather to
be an outcast from his country and from liberty, and from life itself,
than to slay him that was unjustly plotting against him. Likewise
after his coming to the kingdom, there were noble deeds of his to no
small amount.
And besides what I have said, his credit also among the many, and
his fall from glory so bright, would cause no ordinary perplexity.
For the purple did by no means so much adorn him, as the stain of his
sin disgraced him. And ye know of course what a great thing it is for
evil deeds to be exposed, and how great a soul is required in such an
one, not to despond after the censure of the multitude, and when he
hath so many witnesses of his own offenses.
Nevertheless all these darts that noble person drew out of his soul,
and so shone forth after this, so wiped out the stain, became so
pure, that his offspring even after his death had their sins mitigated
by him: and that which was said of Abraham, we find God saying the
same of this man also; or rather, much more of the latter. For with
respect to the patriarch it is said, "I remembered my covenant with
Abraham;"but here He saith not "the covenant," but how? "I
will defend this city for my servant David's sake." And besides,
on account of His favor towards him, He suffered not Solomon to fall
from the kingdom. great as the sin was which he had committed. And so
great was the glory of the man, that Peter, so many years after, in
exhorting the Jews, spake on this wise: "Let me freely speak unto
you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried."And
Christ too, discoursing with the Jews, signifies him after his sin
to have had the Spirit vouchsafed to such a degree, that he was
counted worthy to prophesy again even concerning His Godhead; and
thereby stopping their mouths, He said, "How then doth David in
spirit call Him Lord, saying, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit
thou on my right hand ?"And much as with Moses, so it fell out also
with David. For as Miriam, even against Moses' will, was
punished by God for insolence to her brother,because He greatly loved
the holy man; even so this man, injuriously treated by his son, God
did swiftly avenge, and that against his will.
These things then are sufficient, yea rather before all others these
are sufficient to indicate the man's excellency. For when God
pronounces His judgment, we ought to inquire no further. But if ye
would become particularly acquainted with His self command, ye may by
perusing his history after his sin, perceive his confidence towards
God, his benevolence, his growth in virtue, his strictness unto his
last breath.
10. Having then these examples, let us be sober, and let us strive
not to despond, and if at any time we fall, not to lie prostrate.
For not to east you into slothfulness, did I speak of the sins of
David, but to work in you more fear. For if that righteous man
through a little remissness received such wounds, what shall we have to
suffer, who are every day negligent? Do not therefore look at his
fall, and be remiss, but consider what great things he did even after
this, what great mournings, how much repentance he showed forth,
adding his nights to his days, pouring forth fountains of tears,
washing his couch with his tears, withal clothing himself in
sackcloth.
Now if he needed so great a conversion, when will it be possible for
us to be saved, feeling insensible after so many sins? For he that
hath many good deeds, would easily even by this throw a shade over his
sins; but he that is unarmed, wherever he may receive a dart,
receives a mortal wound.
In order therefore that this may not be so, let us arm ourselves with
good works; and if any offense have befallen us, let us wash it away:
that we may be counted worthy, after having lived the present life to
the glory of God, to enjoy the life to come; unto which may we all
attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ,
to 'whom be glory and might forever and ever. Amen.
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