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JOHN v. 23, 24.
"For My Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment to
the Son; that all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the
Father."
1. BELOVED, we need great diligence in all things, for we
shall render account of and undergo a strict enquiry both of words and
works. Our interests stop not with what now is, but a certain other
condition of life shall receive us after this, and we shall be brought
before a fearful tribunal. "For we must appear before the
Judgment-seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done
in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or
bad." (2 Cor. v. 10.) Let us ever bear in mind this
tribunal, that we may thus be enabled at all times to continue in
virtue; for as he who has cast out from his soul that day, rushes like
a horse that has burst his bridle to precipices, (for "his ways are
always defiled " --Ps. x. 5,) and then assigning the reason the
Psalmist hath added, "He putteth Thy judgments far away out of his
sight";) so he that always retains this fear will walk soberly.
"Remember," saith one, "thy last things, and thou shalt never do
amiss." (Ecclus. vii. 40.) For He who now hath remitted our
sins, will then sin in judgment; He who hath died for our sake will
then appear again to judge all mankind. "Unto them that look for
Him," saith the Apostle, "shall He appear the second time without
sin unto salvation." (Heb. ix. 28.) Wherefore in this place
also He saith, "My Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all
judgment unto the Son; that all men should honor the Son; even as
they honor the Father."
"Shall we then," saith some one, "also call Him Father?" Away
with the thought. He useth the word "Son" that we may honor Him
still remaining a Son, as we honor the Father; but he who calleth
Him "Father" doth not honor the Son as the Father, but has
confounded the whole. Moreover as men are not so much brought to by
being benefited as by being punished, on this account He hath spoken
thus terribly, that even fear may draw them to honor Him. And when
He saith "all," His meaning is this, that He hath power to punish
and to honor, and doeth either as He will. The expression "hath
given," is used that thou mayest not suppose Him not to have been
Begotten, and so think that there are two Fathers. For all that the
Father is, this the Son is also, Begotten, and remaining a Son.
And that thou mayest learn that "hath given" is the same as "hath
begotten," hear this very thing declared by another place. "As,"
saith Christ, "the Father hath life in Himself, so hath He given
to the Son to have life in Himself." (Ver. 26.) "What
then? Did he first beget and then give Him life? For he who
giveth, giveth to something which is. Was He then begotten without
life?" Not even the devils could imagine this for it is very foolish
as well as impious. As then "hath given life" is "hath begotten
Him who is Life," so, "hath given judgment" is "hath begotten
Him who shall be Judge."
That thou mayest not when thou hearest that He hath the Father for
His cause imagine any difference of essence or inferiority of honor,
He cometh to judge thee, by this proving His Equality. For He who
hath authority to punish and to honor whom He will, hath the same
Power with the Father. Since, if this be not the case, if having
been begotten He afterwards received the honor, how came it that He
was afterwards [thus] honored, by what mode of advancement reached
He so far as to receive and be appointed to this dignity? Are ye not
ashamed thus impudently to apply to that Pure s Nature which admitteth
of no addition these carnal and mean imaginations?
"Why then," saith some one, "doth Christ so speak?" That His
words may be readily received, and to clear the way for sublime
sayings; therefore He mixeth these with those, and those with these.
And observe how (He doth it); for it is good to see this from the
beginning. He said, "My Father worketh, and I work" (c. v.
17, &c.): declaring by this their Equality and Equal honor.
But they "sought to kill Him." What doth He then? He lowereth
His form of speech indeed, and putteth the same meaning when He
saith, "The Son can do nothing of Himself." Then again He
raiseth His discourse to high matters, saying, "What things soever
the Father doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise." Then He
returneth to what is lower, "For the Father loveth the Son, and
showeth Him all things that Himself doeth; and He will show Him
greater things than these." Then He riseth higher, "For as the
Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth them, even so the Son
quickeneth whom He will." After this again He joineth the high and
the low together, "For neither doth the Father judge any one, but
hath given all judgment to the Son"; then riseth again, "That all
men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father." Seest
thou how He varieth the discourse, weaving it both of high and low
words and expressions, in order that it might be acceptable to the men
of that time, and that those who should come after might receive no
injury, gaining from the higher part a right opinion of the rest? For
if this be not the case, if these sayings were not uttered through
condescension, wherefore were the high expressions added? Because one
who is entitled to utter great words concerning himself, hath, when he
saith anything mean and low, this reasonable excuse, that he doth it
for some prudential purpose; but if one who ought to speak meanly of
himself saith anything great, on what account doth he utter words which
surpass his nature? This is not for any purpose at all, but an act of
extreme impiety.
2. We are therefore able to assign a reason for the lowly
expressions, a reason sufficient and becoming to God, namely, His
condescension, His teaching us to be moderate, and the salvation
which is thus wrought for us. To declare which He said Himself in
another place, "These things I say that ye might be saved." For
when He left His own witness, and betook Himself to that of John,
(a thing unworthy of His greatness,) He putteth the reason of such
lowliness of language, and saith, "These things I say that ye might
be saved." And ye who assert that He hath not the same authority and
power with Him who begot Him, what can ye say when ye hear Him utter
words by which He declareth His Authority and Power and Glory equal
in respect of the Father? Wherefore, if He be as ye assert very
inferior, doth He claim the same honor? Nor doth He stop even
here, but goeth on to say, "He that honoreth not the Son honoreth
not the Father which hath sent Him." Seest thou how the honor of
the Son is connected with that of the Father? "What of that?"
saith one. "We see the same in the case of the Apostles; 'He,'
saith Christ, 'who receiveth you receiveth Me.'" (Matt. x.
40.) But in that place He speaketh so, because He maketh the
concerns of His servants His own; here, because the Essence and the
Glory is One (with that of the Father). Therefore it is not said
of the Apostles." that they may honor," but rightly He saith,
"He that honoreth not the Son honoreth not the Father." For where
there are two kings, if one is insulted the other is insulted also,
and especially when he that is insulted is a son. He is insulted even
when one of his soldiers is maltreated; not in the same way as in this
case, but as it were in the person of another, while here it is as it
were in his own. Wherefore He beforehand said, "That they should
honor the Son even as they honor the Father," in order that when He
should say, "He that honoreth not the Son honoreth not the
Father," thou mightest understand that the honor is the same. For
He saith not merely, "he that honoreth not the Son," but "he that
honoreth Him not so as I have said" "honoreth not the Father."
"And how," saith one, "can he that sendeth and he that is sent be
of the same essence?" Again, thou bringest down the argument to
carnal things, and perceivest not that all this has been said for no
other purpose, but that we might know Him to be The Cause, and not
fall into the error of Sabellius, and that in this manner the
infirmity of the Jews might be healed, so that He might not be deemed
an enemy of God; for they said, "This man is not of God" (c.
ix. 16), "This man hath not come from God." Now to remove
this suspicion, high sayings did not contribute so much as the lowly,
and therefore continually and everywhere He said that He had been
"sent"; not that thou mightest suppose that expression to be any
lessening of His greatness, but in order to stop their mouths. And
for this cause also He constantly betaketh Himself to the Father,
interposing moreover mention of His own high Parentage. For had He
said all in proportion to His dignity, the Jews would not have
received His words, since because of a few such expressions. they
persecuted and oftentimes stoned Him; and if looking wholly to them
He had used none but low expressions, many in after times might have
been harmed.
Wherefore He mingleth and blendeth His teaching, both by these lowly
sayings stopping, as I said, the mouths of the Jews, and also by
expressions suited to His dignity banishing n from men of sense any
mean notion of what He had said, and proving that such a notion did
not in any wise apply to Him at all.
The expression "having been sent" denoteth change of place--but
God is everywhere present. Wherefore then saith He that He was
"sent"? He speaketh in an earthly way, declaring His unanimity
with the Father. At least He shapeth His succeeding words with a
desire to effect this.
Ver. 24. "Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth
My word, and believeth on Him that sent Me, hath everlasting
life."
Seest thou how continually He putteth the same thing to cure that
feeling of suspicion, both in this place and in what follows by fear
and by promises of blessings removing their jealousy of Him, and then
again condescending greatly in words? For He said not, "he that
heareth My words, and believeth on Me," since they would have
certainly deemed that to be pride, and a superfluous pomp of words;
because, if after a very long time, and ten thousand miracles, they
suspected this when He spake after this manner, much more would they
have done so then. It was on this account that at that later period
they said to Him, "Abraham is dead, and the prophets are dead, how
sayest Thou, If a man keep My saying, he shall never taste of
death?" (c. viii. 52.) In order therefore that they may not
here also become furious, see what He saith, "He that heareth My
word, and believeth on Him that sent Me, hath everlasting life."
This had no small effect in making His discourse acceptable, when
they learned that those who hear Him believe in the Father also; for
after having received this with readiness, they would more easily
receive the rest. So that the very speaking in a humble manner
contributed and led the way to higher things; for after saying, "hath
everlasting life," He addeth, "And cometh not into judgment, but
is passed from death unto life."
By these two things He maketh His discourse acceptable; first,
because it is the Father who is believed on, and then, because the
believer enjoyeth many blessings. And the "cometh not into judgment"
meaneth, "is not punished," for He speaketh not of death "here,"
but of death eternal, as also of the other "life" which is
deathless.
Ver. 25. "Verily, verily, I say unto you, the hour cometh,
and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God:
and they that have heard shall live."
Having said the words, He speaketh also of the proof by deeds. For
when He had said, "As the Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth
them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will," that the thing may
not seem to be mere boasting and pride, He affordeth proof by works,
saying, "The hour cometh"; then, that thou mayest not deem that
the time is long, He addeth, "and now is, when the dead shall hear
the voice of the Son of God, and they that have heard shall live."
Seest thou here His absolute and unutterable authority? For as it
shall be in the Resurrection, even so, He saith, it shall be
"now." Then too when we hear His voice commanding us we are
raised; for, saith the Apostle, "at the command of God the dead
shall arise." "And whence," perhaps some one will ask, "is it
clear that the words are not mere boast?" From what He hath added,
"and now is"; because had His promises referred only to some future
time, His discourse would have been suspected by them, but now He
supplieth them with a proof: "While I," saith He, "am tarrying
among you, this thing shall come to pass"; and He would not, had
He not possessed the power, have promised for that time, lest through
the promise He should incur the greater ridicule. Then too He addeth
an argument demonstrative of His assertions, saying, Ver. 26.
"For as the Father hath life in Himself, so hath He given to the
Son to have life in Himself."
3. Seest thou that this declareth a perfect likeness save in one
point, which is the One being a Father, and the Other a Son? for
the expression "hath given," merely introduceth this distinction,
but declareth that all the rest is equal and exactly alike. Whence it
is clear that the Son doeth all things with as much authority and power
as the Father, and that He is not empowered from some other source,
for He "hath life" so as the Father hath. And on this. account,
what comes after is straightway added, that from this we may understand
the other also. What is this then? It is, Ver. 27. "Hath
given Him authority to execute judgment also."
And wherefore doth He continually dwell upon "resurrection" and
"judgment"? For He saith, "As the Father raiseth up the dead
and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will": and
again, "the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment
to the Son": and again, "As the Father hath life in Himself so
hath He given to the Son to have life in Himself"; and again,
"They that have heard [the Voice of the Son of God] shall
live"; and here again, "Hath given to Him authority to execute
judgment." Wherefore doth He dwell on these things continually? I
mean, on "judgment," and "life," and "resurrection"? It is
because these subjects are able most of any to attract even the
obstinate hearer.
For the man who is persuaded that he shall both rise again and shall
give account to Christ of his transgressions, even though he have seen
no other sign, yet having admitted this, will surely run to Him to
propitiate his Judge.
"That He is the Son of Man (v. 28), marvel not at this."
Paul of Samosata rendereth it not so; but how? "Hath given Him
authority to execute judgment, 'because' He is the Son of Man."
Now the passage thus read is inconsequent, for He did not receive
judgment "because" He was man, (since then what hindered all men
from being judges,) but because He is the Son of that Ineffable
Essence, therefore is He Judge. So we must read, "That He is
the Son of Man, marvel not at this." For when what He said seemed
to the hearers inconsistent, and they deemed Him nothing more than
mere man while His words were greater than suited man yea, or even
angel, and were proper to God only, to solve this objection He
addeth, Ver. 28, 29. "Marvel not [that He is the Son of
Man,] for the hour is coming in the which they that are in the tombs
shall hear His voice and shall go forth, they that have done good to
the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil to the
resurrection of judgment."
And wherefore said He not, "Marvel not that He is the Son of
Man, for He is also the Son of God," but rather mentioned the
"resurrection"? He did indeed put this above, by saying, "shall
hear the Voice of the Son of God." And if here He is silent on
the matter, wonder not; for after mentioning a work which was proper
to God, He then permitteth His hearers to collect from it that He
was God, and the Son of God. For had this been continually
asserted by Himself, it would at that time have offended them but when
proved by the argument of miracles it rendered His doctrine less
burdensome. So they who put together syllogisms, when having laid
down their premises they have fairly proved the point in question,
frequently do not draw the conclusion themselves, but to render their
hearers more fairly disposed, and to make their victory more evident,
cause the opponent himself to give the verdict, so that the
by-standers may the rather agree with them when their opponents decide
in their favor. When therefore He mentioned the resurrection of
Lazarus, He spake not of the Judgment (for it was not for this that
Lazarus arose); but when He spake generally He also added, that
"they that have done good shall go forth unto the resurrection of
life, and they that have done evil unto the resurrection of
judgment." Thus also John led on his hearers by speaking of the
Judgment, and that "he that believeth not on the Son, shall not see
life, but the wrath of God abideth on him" (c. iii. 36): so
too Himself led on Nicodemus: "He that believeth on the Son,"
He said to him, "is not judged, but he that believeth not is judged
already" (c. iii. 18); and so here He mentioneth the
Judgment-seat and the punishment which shall follow upon evil deeds.
For because He had said above, "He that heareth My words and
believeth on Him that sent Me," "is not judged," lest any one
should imagine that this alone is sufficient for salvation, He addeth
also the result of man's life, declaring that "they which have done
good shall come forth unto the resurrection of life, and they that have
done evil unto the resurrection of judgment." Since then He had said
that all the world should render account to Him, and that all at His
Voice should rise again, a thing new and strange and even now
disbelieved by many who seem to have believed, not to say by the Jews
at that time, hear how He goeth to prove it, again condescending to
the infirmity of His hearers.
Ver. 30. "I can of Mine own self do nothing; as I hear I
judge, and My judgment is just, because I seek not Mine own will,
but the will of Him which sent Me."
Although He had but lately given no trifling proof of the
Resurrection by bracing the paralytic; on which account also He had
not spoken of the Resurrection before He had done what fell little
short of resurrection. And the Judgment He hinted at after He had
braced the body, by saying, "Behold, thou art made whole, sin no
more, lest a worse thing come unto thee"; yet still He proclaimed
beforehand the resurrection of Lazarus and of the world. And when He
had spoken of these two, that of Lazarus which should come to pass
almost immediately, and that of the inhabited world which should be
long after, He confirmeth the first by the paralytic and by the
nearness of the time, saying, "The hour cometh and now is"; the
other by the raising of Lazarus, by what had already come to pass
bringing before their sight what had not yet done so. And this we may
observe Him do everywhere, putting (forth) two or three
predictions, and always confirming the future by the past.
4. Yet after saying and doing so much, since they still were very
weak He is not content, but by other expressions calms their
disputations temper, saying, "I can of Myself do nothing; as I
hear I judge, and My judgment is just, because I seek not Mine own
will, but the will of Him which sent Me." For since He appeared
to make some assertions strange and varying from those of the
Prophets, (for they said that it is God who judgeth all the earth,
that is, the human race; and this truth David everywhere loudly
proclaimed, "He shall judge the people in righteousness," and,
"God is a righteous Judge, strong and patient" (Ps. xcvi.
10, and vii. xx, LXX.); as did all the Prophets and Moses;
but Christ said, "The Father judgeth no man, but hath committed
all judgment to the Son": an expression which was sufficient to
perplex a Jew who heard it, and to make him in turn suspect Christ of
being an enemy of God,) He here greatly condescendeth in His
speech, and as far as their infirmity requireth, in order to pluck up
by the roots this pernicious opinion, and saith, "I can of Myself
do nothing"; that is, "nothing strange, or unlike, or what the
Father desireth not will ye see done or hear said by Me." And
having before declared that He was "the Son of Man," and because
they supposed Him to be a man at that time, so also He putteth [His
expressions] here. As then when He said above, "We speak that we
have heard, and testify that we have seen"; and when John said,
"What He hath seen He testifieth, and no man receiveth His
testimony" (c. iii. 32); both expressions are used respecting
exact knowledge, not concerning hearing and seeing merely; so in this
place when He speaketh of "hearing," He declareth nothing else than
that it is impossible for Him to desire anything, save what the
Father desireth. Still He said not so plainly, (for they would not
as yet have at once received it on hearing it thus asserted;) and
how? in a manner very condescending and befitting a mere man, "As I
hear I judge." Again He useth these words in this place, not with
reference to "instruction," (for He said not, "as I am
taught," but "as I hear";) nor as though He needed to listen,
(for not only did He not require to be taught, but He needed not
even to listen;) but it was to declare the Unanimity and Identity of
[His and the Father's] decision, as though He had said, "So I
judge, as if it were the Father Himself that judged." Then He
addeth, "and I know that My judgment is just, because I seek not
Mine own will, but the will of Him that sent Me." What sayest
Thou? Hast Thou swill different from that of the Father? Yet in
another place He saith, "As I and Thou are One," (speaking of
will and unanimity,) "grant to these also that they may be one in
Us" (c. xvii. 21; not verbally quoted); that is, "in faith
concerning Us." Seest thou that the words which seem most humble are
those which conceal a high meaning? For what He implieth is of this
kind: not that the will of the Father is one, and His own another;
but that, "as one will in one mind, so is Mine own will and My
Father's."
And marvel not that He hath asserted so close a conjunction; for with
reference to the Spirit also Paul hath used this illustration:
"What man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which
is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit
of God." Thus Christ's meaning is no other than this: "I have
not a will different and apart from that of the Father, but if He
desireth anything, then I also; if I, then He also. As therefore
none could object to the Father judging, so neither may any to Me,
for the sentence of Each is given from the same Mind." And if He
uttereth these words rather as a man, marvel not, seeing that they
still deemed Him to be mere man. Therefore in passages like these it
is necessary not merely to enquire into the meaning of the words, but
also to take into account the suspicion of the hearers, and listen to
what is said as being addressed to that suspicion. Otherwise many
difficulties will follow. Consider for instance, He saith, "I
seek not Mine own will": according to this then His will is
different (from that of the Father), is imperfect, nay, not merely
imperfect, but even unprofitable. "For if it be saving, if it agree
with that of the Father, wherefore dost Thou not seek it?" Mortals
might with reason say so because they have many wills contrary to what
seemeth good to the Father, but Thou, wherefore sayest Thou this,
who art in all things like the Father? for this none would say is the
language even of a "man" made perfect and crucified. For if Paul so
blended himself with the will of God as to say, "I live, yet no
longer I, but Christ liveth in me" (Gal. ii. 20), how saith
the Lord of all, "I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him
that sent Me," as though that will were different? What then is
His meaning? He applieth His discourse as if the case were that of a
mere man, and suiteth His language to the suspicion of His hearers.
For when He had, by what had gone before, given proof of His
sayings, speaking partly as God, partly as a mere man, He again as
a man endeavoreth to establish the same, and saith, "My judgment is
just." And whence is this seen? "Because I seek not Mine own
will, but the will of Him that sent Me." "For as in the case of
men, he that is free from selfishness cannot be justly charged with
having given an unfair decision, so neither will ye now be able to
accuse Me. He that desireth to establish his own, may perhaps by
many be suspected of corrupting justice with this intent; but he that
looketh not to his own, what reason can he have for not deciding
justly? Apply now this reasoning to My case. Had I said that I
was not sent by the Father, had I not referred to Him the glory of
what was done, some of you might perhaps have suspected that desiring
to gain honor for Myself, I said the thing that is not; but if I
impute and refer what is done to another, wherefore and whence can ye
have cause to suspect My words?" Seest thou how He confirmed His
discourse, and asserted that "His judgment was just" by an argument
which any common man might have used in defending himself? Seest thou
how what I have often said is clearly visible? What is that? It is
that the exceeding humility of the expressions most persuadeth men of
sense not to receive the words off hand and then fall down [into low
thoughts], but rather to take pains that they reach to the height of
their meaning; this humility too with much ease then raiseth up those
who were once groveling on the ground.
Now bearing all this in mind, let us not, I exhort you, carelessly
pass by Christ's words, but enquire closely into them all,
everywhere considering the reason of what has been said; and let us not
deem that ignorance and simplicity will be sufficient to excuse us, for
He hath bidden us not merely to be "harmless," but "wise."
(Matt. x. 16.) Let us therefore practice wisdom with
simplicity, both as to doctrines and the right actions of our lives;
let us judge ourselves here, that we be not condemned with the world
hereafter; let us act towards our fellow-servants as we desire our
Master to act towards us: for (we say), "Forgive us our debts,
as we forgive our debtors." (Matt. vi. 12.) I know that the
smitten soul endureth not meekly, but if we consider that by so doing
we do a kindness not to him who hath grieved us but to ourselves, we
shall soon let go the venom of our wrath; for he who forgave not the
hundred pence to him who had transgressed against him, wronged not his
fellow-servant but himself, by rendering himself liable for the ten
thousand talents of which he had before received forgiveness. (Matt.
xviii. 30-34.) When therefore we forgive not others, we
forgive not ourselves. And so let us not merely say to God,
"remember not our offenses"; but let each also say to himself, "let
us not remember the offenses of our fellow-servants done against us."
For thou first givest judgment on thine own sins, and God judgeth
after; thou proposest the law concerning remission and punishment,
thou declarest thy decision on these matters, and therefore whether
God shall or shall not remember, rests with thee. For which cause
Paul biddeth us "forgive, if any One hath cause of complaint against
any" (Col. iii. 13), and not simply forgive, but so that not
even any remnants be left behind. Since Christ not only did not
publish our transgressions, but did not put us the transgressors in
mind of them, nor say, "in such and such things hast thou
offended," but remitted and blotted out the handwriting, not
reckoning our offenses, as Paul hath also declared. (Col. ii.
14.) Let us too do this; let us wipe away all [trespasses against
us] from our minds; and if any good thing hath been done to us by him
that hath grieved us, let us only reckon that; but if anything
grievous and hard to bear, let us cast it forth and blot it out, so
that not even a vestige of it remain. And if no good has been done us
by him, so much the greater recompense and higher credit will be ours
if we forgive. Others by watching, by making the earth their bed, by
ten thousand hardships, wipe away their sins, but thou by an easier
way, I mean by not remembering wrongs, mayest cause all thy
trespasses to disappear. Why then thrustest thou the sword against
thyself, as do mad and frantic men, and banishest thyself from the
life which is to come, when thou oughtest to use every means to attain
unto it? For if this present life be so desirable, what can one say
of that other from which pain, and grief, and mourning, have fled
away? There it needs not to fear death, nor imagine any end to those
good things. Blessed, thrice blessed, yea, and this many times
over, are they who enjoy that blessed rest, while they are miserable,
thrice miserable, yea, ten thousand times miserable, who have cast
themselves forth from that blessedness. "And what," saith some
one, "is it that maketh us to enjoy that life?" Hear the Judge
Himself conversing with a certain young man on this matter. When the
young man said, "What shall I do to inherit eternal life?"
(Matt. xix. 16) Christ, after repeating to him the other
commandments, ended with the love of his neighbor. Perhaps like that
rich man some of my hearers will say, "that we also have kept these,
for we neither have robbed, nor killed, nor committed adultery"; yet
assuredly thou wilt not be able to say this, that thou hast loved thy
neighbor as thou oughtest to have loved him. For if a man hath envied
or spoken evil of another, if he hath not helped him when injured, or
not imparted to him of his substance, then neither hath he loved him,
Now Christ hath commanded not only this, but something besides.
What then is this? "Sell," he saith, "that thou hast, and give
to the poor; and come, follow Me" (Matt. xix. 21): terming
the imitating Him in our actions "following" Him. What learn we
hence? First, that he who hath not all these things cannot attain
unto the chief places in "that" rest. For after the young man had
said, "All these things have I done," Christ, as though some
great thing were wanting to his being perfectly approved, replied,
"If thou wilt be perfect, sell that thou hast, and give to the
poor: and come, follow Me." First then we may learn this;
secondly, that Christ rebuked the man for his vain boast; for one who
lived in such superfluity, and regarded not others living in poverty,
how could he love his neighbor? So that neither in this matter did he
speak truly. But let us do both the one and the other of these
things; let us be eager to empt out our substance, and to purchase
heaven. Since if for worldly honor men have often expended their whole
possessions, an honor which was to stay here below, and even here not
to stay by us long, (for many even much before their deaths have been
stripped of their supremacy, and others because of it have often lost
their lives, and yet, although aware of this, they expend all for its
sake;) if now they do so much for this kind of honor, what can be
more wretched than we if for the sake of that honor which abideth and
which cannot be taken from us we will not give up even a little, nor
supply to others those things which in a short time while yet here we
shall leave? What madness must it be, when it is in our power
voluntarily to give to others, and so to take with us those things of
which we shall even against our will be deprived, to refuse to do so?
Yet if a man were being led to death, and it were proposed to him to
give up all his goods and so go free, we should think a favor was
conferred upon him; and shall we, who are being led on the way to the
pit, shall we, when it is allowed us to give up half and be free,
prefer to be punished, and uselessly to retain what is not ours even to
the losing what is so? What excuse shall we have, what claim for
pardon, who, when so easy a road has been cut for us unto life, rush
down precipices, and travel along an unprofitable path, depriving
ourselves of all things both here and hereafter, when we might enjoy
both in security? If then we did not so before, let us at least stop
now; and coming to ourselves, let us rightly dispose of things
present, that we may easily receive those which are to come, through
the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to
the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, for ever and ever. Amen.
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